Ben J. Mauldin | Aug 02 2026 13:23

Two neighbors on Lake Murray, Kiawah, or in Beaufort can have the exact same Medicare coverage — and one quietly pays hundreds of dollars more a month for it. The reason is a rule most people never hear about until a letter from Social Security arrives: IRMAA.

If you have a pension, required minimum distributions (RMDs), investment income, or you just had one unusually high-income year, IRMAA can hit you. The good news: sometimes you can get it removed, and even when you can't, it's often temporary. I'm Ben Mauldin, a licensed agent in Lexington, and here's exactly how it works — including the appeal that actually succeeds and the one that doesn't.

What is IRMAA?

IRMAA stands for Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount. It's a surcharge that higher-income beneficiaries pay on top of their standard Medicare Part B and Part D premiums. Same Medicare, same benefits — just a higher bill because your income crossed a threshold.

It catches South Carolina retirees off guard because it's not based on your current income. It's based on a tax return from two years ago.

The 2026 numbers

Here's what IRMAA looks like in 2026 (the surcharge is based on your 2024 income):

  • The standard Part B premium is $202.90/month. IRMAA is added to that.
  • IRMAA starts once your 2024 MAGI exceeds about $109,000 (single) or $218,000 (married filing jointly).
  • As income rises through the brackets, the total Part B premium climbs to as much as roughly $689.90/month at the top tier (incomes of $500,000 single / $750,000 joint).
  • Part D gets its own IRMAA too — up to about $91/month added to your drug plan premium, using the same income brackets.

For a married couple both on Medicare in a high bracket, that can be thousands of dollars a year in surcharges — for coverage that's otherwise identical to everyone else's.

(Every one of these figures is indexed and changes each year, so confirm the current thresholds before you plan around them.)

The two-year lookback: why a good year still bills you

This is the part that confuses people most. Your 2026 IRMAA is based on your 2024 tax return (the one you filed in 2025). Social Security uses your MAGI — essentially your Adjusted Gross Income plus tax-exempt interest (yes, muni-bond interest counts).

So a strong income year in 2024 — a big RMD, a Roth conversion, a large capital gain, a property sale — can trigger a surcharge that shows up two years later, even if your income has since dropped. Understanding that timing is the key to everything below.

The appeal that works: a "life-changing event"

If your income dropped because of a qualifying life-changing event, you can ask Social Security to base your IRMAA on your lower current income instead of that two-year-old return. You do it with Form SSA-44. The qualifying events are:

  • Work stoppage (retirement) — the most common one
  • Work reduction
  • Marriage
  • Divorce or annulment
  • Death of a spouse
  • Loss of income-producing property
  • Loss of pension income
  • Employer settlement payment

The classic South Carolina case: you retired, your income fell, but Medicare is billing you based on your final high-earning year two years ago. That's a textbook SSA-44 appeal. You submit the form with proof — an employer statement, a pension award letter, or separation documents — and if the event drops you to a lower bracket, the surcharge can be reduced or removed.

The "appeal" that does NOT work — and why you may not need it

Here's where a lot of well-meaning advice gets it wrong. A one-time income spike — selling a house, a large capital gain, or a Roth conversion — is not a qualifying life-changing event. You generally cannot appeal IRMAA with SSA-44 just because you had a big-income year.

But here's the relief most people miss: because IRMAA uses a two-year lookback, a one-time spike only affects you for one year. Once that high-income tax year rolls off (two years later, when your income is back to normal), the surcharge goes away on its own. So if you sold a home in 2024 and got hit with 2026 IRMAA, it's frustrating — but it's temporary, and no form is needed to fix it. It self-corrects.

Knowing the difference — appeal the life-changing event, wait out the one-time spike — saves people a lot of wasted effort and worry.

How to plan around IRMAA before it hits

For higher-income South Carolina retirees, IRMAA is often manageable with planning, because you have some control over your MAGI in a given year:

  • Time Roth conversions and large withdrawals so you don't accidentally cross a bracket in a year that will drive IRMAA two years later.
  • Watch the RMD years. Required distributions can push you over a threshold — coordinate with your tax advisor.
  • Consider Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs) if you're charitably inclined, which can satisfy RMDs without raising MAGI.
  • Remember tax-exempt interest counts. Muni bonds don't lower your IRMAA MAGI.
  • Mind the "cliff." IRMAA brackets are cliffs, not slopes — going a single dollar over a threshold can cost you the full tier. Sometimes a small planning move keeps you under.

This is a coordinate-with-your-tax-professional issue, but knowing IRMAA exists — before the high-income year, not after — is half the battle.

What to Do If you got an IRMAA letter: figure out why. If a life-changing event (especially retirement) lowered your income, file SSA-44 with documentation — that's a winnable appeal. If it was a one-time spike like a home sale, know that it's not appealable but it's temporary and will drop off next cycle. Either way, I'm glad to help you make sense of the letter and coordinate the Medicare side.

Getting the Medicare structure right matters too — if you're weighing your overall coverage, our Medicare Advantage vs. Medigap in South Carolina guide and the 2026 South Carolina Medicare Advantage guide are good next reads, and you can always get local Medicare help in the Columbia area.

Got an IRMAA Letter? Let's Figure Out Your Options — for Free.

No-cost, no-pressure review. I'll help you understand why you were charged, whether an SSA-44 appeal fits your situation, and make sure your overall Medicare coverage is set up right.

πŸ“ž Call or Text Ben: 803-920-8827 🌐 MauldinInsuranceGroup.com πŸ“ 100 Old Cherokee Rd STE F #167, Lexington, SC · Serving all of South Carolina

This article is general information, not tax or enrollment advice. Confirm IRMAA specifics with Social Security (ssa.gov), Medicare (1-800-MEDICARE), and your tax professional.


Frequently Asked Questions

What is IRMAA in Medicare? IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount) is a surcharge that higher-income beneficiaries pay on top of their standard Medicare Part B and Part D premiums. It's based on your income from a tax return two years earlier, so a high-income year can raise your Medicare cost two years later.

What income triggers IRMAA in 2026? In 2026, IRMAA generally begins once your 2024 modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) exceeds about $109,000 for single filers or $218,000 for married couples filing jointly. Higher brackets apply as income rises, up to incomes of $500,000 single or $750,000 joint. These thresholds are indexed and change each year.

How much is the IRMAA surcharge? In 2026 the surcharge is added to the standard $202.90 Part B premium, bringing the total to roughly $284 up to about $690 per month depending on income, plus an additional Part D surcharge of up to about $91 per month. The exact amount depends on your income bracket.

Can I appeal IRMAA? Yes, if a qualifying life-changing event lowered your income. Using Form SSA-44, you can ask Social Security to base your IRMAA on your lower current income. Qualifying events include retirement or work stoppage, work reduction, marriage, divorce, death of a spouse, loss of pension income, loss of income-producing property, and an employer settlement.

Can I appeal IRMAA because I sold my house or had a big capital gain? Generally no. A one-time income spike like a home sale, capital gain, or Roth conversion is not a qualifying life-changing event, so it can't be appealed with SSA-44. The relief is that IRMAA uses a two-year lookback, so a one-time spike only affects you for one year and then drops off on its own.

How long does IRMAA last? IRMAA is recalculated every year based on your most recent tax return on file. If it was caused by a one-time income spike, it typically applies for one year and then goes away once that high-income year rolls off. If your income stays high, the surcharge continues.

Does tax-exempt interest count toward IRMAA? Yes. The MAGI used for IRMAA includes your adjusted gross income plus tax-exempt interest, so municipal bond interest does not shield you from IRMAA.

Two neighbors on Lake Murray, Kiawah, or in Beaufort can have the exact same Medicare coverage — and one quietly pays hundreds of dollars more a month for it. The reason is a rule most people never...